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Germany
Private education in Germany is expanding at a remarkable rate. The fastest growth is in the east German Lander, where private schools have only been allowed since 1990 but even in the west German Lander growth in private education has been over 2.5% per year since 1995. At the Gymnasium, (lower and upper secondary school), 10% of pupils are in the private sector. Special schools represent 17% of the private sector. These figures are significantly higher than the UK. There are many reasons for this growth. Most often cited are the growing discontent at the quality of provision in the state sector as it tries to cope with ever-increasing numbers of migrant children and, secondly, more interest in the more extensive curricula found in many private schools.
In terms of financing, the Land governments are required under constitutional entitlements to ‘ensure private schools’ existence’. In practice this means that many private schools receive funding from the state, provided that these schools are declared non- profit schools. Such financial support includes subsidies for staffing costs, some construction costs, textbooks and teachers’ pension funds. Private schools are allowed to charge fees to cover their ‘extra’ costs. They are also not required to follow the same timetables or curricula as public sector schools. Private schools also have a comparative freedom to contract and dismiss teaching staff, and inspection is fairly minimal.
All in all, Germany represents a country with considerable potential for growth in the private education sector.
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